pjpñh fl£r¡ (PROBABILITY THEORY
) -
েkph
fl£r¡ h¡ fkÑ¡hrেZl েrœ েL¡e েL¡e OVe¡ OVেa f¡েl Abh¡ েL¡e েL¡e gm f¡Ju¡ pñh a¡cl
pðå Øfø d¡lZ¡ b¡েL ¢L¿¹¥ HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø fl£r¡ h¡ fkÑhrেZl েrœ েL¡e OVe¡ OVেh h¡
েL¡e gm f¡Ju¡ k¡েh a¡ ¢e¢ÕQa Lেl hm¡ k¡u e¡, a¡েcl pjpñh fl£r¡ (RANDOM
EXPERIMENT
) h¡ pjpñh fkÑhrZ (RANDOM
OBSERVATION) hেmz
· pñhe¡ aেšÄ (PROBABILITY THEORY
) h¡ pñhe¡ pÇf¢LÑa েk েL¡েe¡ fËেnÀ
phÑc¡C pjpñh fl£r¡l pে‰ pw¢nÔøz
· pjpñh fl£r¡েL p¡d¡lea Cwl¡¢S hZÑj¡m¡l hেs¡ qlেgl Arl E ¢cেu fËL¡n Ll¡ quz
Ec¡qlZ
-
1. েT¡yLn§eÉ (UNBIASED) HL¢V j¤â¡েL kেbµRi¡েh Jfেll ¢cেL
R¥েs েcJu¡ qmz HC fl£r¡ h¡ fkÑ¡hrেZl c¤¢V gm qেa f¡েlz kb¡ - েqX Abh¡ েVm;
¢L¿¹¥ fl£r¡l fl েL¡e gm¢V f¡Ju¡ k¡েh a¡ BেN েbেL ¢e¢ÕQa Lেl hm¡ pñh euz p¤¤al¡w
H¢V HL¢V pjpñh fl£r¡ h¡ fkÑ¡hrZz
2. েT¡yLn§eÉ ( UNBIASED) HL¢V m¤X¡l R‚¡েL kেbµRi¡h i¨¢jেa
N¢sেu েcJu¡ qmz HC fl£r¡ h¡ fkÑ¡hrেZl Ru¢V gm qেa f¡েlz kb¡ - HL, c¤C, ¢ae,
Q¡l, fy¡Q Hhw Ru; ¢L¿¹¥ fl£r¡l fেl েL¡e gm¢V f¡Ju¡ k¡েh a¡ BেN েbেL ¢e¢ÕQa Lেl
hm¡ pñh euz p¤¤al¡w H¢V HL¢V pjpñh fl£r¡ h¡ fkÑ¡hrZz
HL¢V
fl£r¡েL kbেµR h¡ pjpñh fl£r¡ ( RANDOM
EXPERIMENT
) hm¡ qেh k¢c -
1. fl£r¡l pLm েj±¢mL J plm gm…¢m ( OUTCOMES) Bj¡েcl S¡e¡ b¡েLz
2. fl£r¡l gm L£ qেh a¡l f§hÑ¡i¡o k¢c p¢WL i¡েh hm¡ pñh e¡ qu
Hhw gm¢V k¢c ¢e¢ÕQai¡েh েj±¢mL J plm gm…¢ml jেdÉ েL¡েe¡ HL¢V quz
3. fl£r¡¢V HLC dlেel nেaÑl Ad£e kah¡l M¤¢n pÇf¡ce Ll¡ k¡uz
4. HLC dlেel nেaÑl Ad£েe pÇf¡¢ca ¢h¢iæ fl£r¡l gm k¢c ¢iæ ¢iæ
qh¡l p¤¤েk¡N b¡েLz
